The idea that folded steel is inherently stronger than non-folded steel is a common misconception. The strength of steel is primarily determined by factors such as its composition, heat treatment, and overall quality, rather than the folding process alone.

Folding steel during the forging process was traditionally practiced in Japan to refine the material, remove impurities, and create distinct grain patterns. The repeated folding and layering were intended to distribute carbon evenly and create a more homogenous steel composition.

While folding can contribute to the overall quality and aesthetics of a blade, it does not necessarily make the steel stronger in terms of mechanical strength. The strength of a blade is dependent on the specific steel alloy, heat treatment, and overall craftsmanship employed during the forging process.

Modern steel production techniques and heat treatment methods have advanced significantly, allowing for the creation of high-quality blades without extensive folding. Many modern swordsmiths utilize mono-steel or billet steel construction techniques, which do not involve folding.

It's worth noting that the perception of strength can be influenced by other factors, such as the blade's design, thickness, and overall geometry. A well-designed and properly heat-treated blade can exhibit strength and durability regardless of whether it is made from folded or non-folded steel.

In summary, while folded steel can have aesthetic and historical value, it is not necessarily stronger in terms of mechanical strength compared to properly forged non-folded steel. The specific steel composition, heat treatment, and craftsmanship are more significant factors in determining the strength and performance of a blade.