The number of times a katana is folded during the forging process can vary depending on the techniques and preferences of the swordsmith, as well as the desired characteristics of the final blade. While there is no fixed or standard number of folds for a katana, it is common for traditional Japanese swordsmiths to fold the steel between 8 to 16 times.

Folding involves repeatedly layering and forging the steel, which helps to refine the material, remove impurities, and create a distinct grain pattern known as "hada." Each fold increases the number of layers and contributes to the overall structure and aesthetics of the blade.

It's important to note that the number of folds alone does not determine the quality or performance of a katana. Other factors such as the choice of steel, heat treatment, blade geometry, and the skill of the swordsmith play significant roles in the final quality and performance of the sword.

Modern manufacturing techniques can also produce high-quality katanas without extensive folding. Some modern swordsmiths may choose to incorporate folding techniques as a nod to tradition or for artistic purposes, even if the practical benefits are minimal.

When evaluating the quality of a katana, it's crucial to consider the overall craftsmanship, attention to detail, and the skill of the swordsmith, rather than solely focusing on the number of folds.