A full tang sword refers to a type of sword construction where the blade extends through the entire length of the handle, forming a solid, continuous piece of metal. In other words, the tang, which is the part of the blade that extends into the handle, runs the full length of the handle.

A full tang sword has several distinguishing features and advantages:

1. Strength and Durability: A full tang construction provides increased strength and durability to the sword. The continuous piece of metal from the blade through the handle minimizes the risk of breakage or separation at the hilt. This makes the sword less prone to bending, snapping, or becoming loose during use, ensuring its longevity.
2. Better Balance and Handling: With the weight of the blade extending through the handle, a full tang sword maintains a proper balance. This balance contributes to the overall handling, control, and maneuverability of the weapon, making it easier to wield and providing a more effective and responsive feel during combat.
3. Improved Power Transfer: A full tang construction allows for efficient power transfer from the wielder's hand to the blade. The direct connection between the handle and blade reduces energy loss or vibration, enabling more effective and controlled strikes with increased cutting or thrusting force.
4. Enhanced Stability and Control: The full tang provides stability and control, allowing for better accuracy and precision in sword techniques. The solid connection between the blade and handle promotes a firm and secure grip, minimizing any slippage or wobbling during use.

Full tang construction is often sought after in high-quality swords, as it ensures a robust and reliable weapon that can withstand rigorous use and maintain its integrity over time.

It's important to note that the term "full tang" can be used in reference to various types of swords, including Japanese katanas, European longswords, or other traditional blades. Each sword type may have variations in tang design, such as tapered tangs or full-length tangs, but the common feature is that the tang extends the entire length of the handle.