Japanese short swords are known by different names depending on their specific characteristics and historical context. Here are some of the common names for Japanese short swords:

1. Wakizashi: The wakizashi is a traditional Japanese short sword that typically has a blade length ranging from approximately 30 to 60 centimeters (12 to 24 inches). It was often worn alongside the katana as part of a samurai's daisho, representing their social status and readiness for different combat situations.
2. Tanto: The tanto is a Japanese dagger or short knife. It has a blade length typically less than 30 centimeters (12 inches). Tantos were historically used for close-quarters combat, self-defense, or as utility knives. They were carried by samurai as well as by commoners for various purposes.
3. Aikuchi: An aikuchi is a type of tanto with a specific hilt design. It lacks a traditional guard (tsuba), and the handle directly meets the blade, often covered by a decorative hilt wrap. Aikuchis were commonly used as ceremonial or dress daggers.
4. Kaiken: A kaiken is a small, pocket-sized knife or dagger that originated during the Edo period in Japan. It is even shorter than a tanto, typically measuring around 15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches) in blade length. Kaikens were often carried by merchants, travelers, or individuals for self-defense or as utility tools.

These are some of the main types of Japanese short swords. Each type has its own unique characteristics, historical significance, and specific purposes.