A sword consists of several distinct components. Here are the common parts of a sword:

1. Blade: The blade is the main cutting or striking portion of the sword. It extends from the hilt to the tip and is typically the longest part of the sword.
2. Point or Tip: The point or tip is the sharp end of the blade used for thrusting attacks.
3. Edge: The edge refers to the sharpened portion of the blade used for cutting. It can be either a single edge (like a katana) or a double edge (like a European longsword).
4. Fuller: The fuller, also known as a blood groove or a groove, is a shallow or deep groove running along the blade's length. It reduces the weight of the sword without compromising its structural integrity.
5. Hilt: The hilt is the handle or grip of the sword. It provides a secure and comfortable grip for the wielder.
6. Guard or Crossguard: The guard, also called a crossguard, is a protective component situated between the blade and the hilt. It helps to prevent an opponent's blade from sliding onto the hand and provides additional protection.
7. Pommel: The pommel is the weighted knob or cap located at the end of the hilt. It serves to counterbalance the blade, provides stability, and enhances the sword's overall handling.
8. Tang: The tang refers to the portion of the blade that extends into the hilt. It provides structural support and is often secured within the hilt with a pommel nut or rivet.
9. Ricasso: The ricasso is a flat section of the blade near the hilt that lacks a sharpened edge. It allows the wielder to place a finger or thumb on the blade for better control.
10. Scabbard: The scabbard is the sheath or protective casing used to hold and carry the sword when it is not in use.

These are the basic parts commonly found in swords, but different types of swords may have additional or variant components based on their design, cultural influences, and historical context.