The samurai, the feudal warriors of Japan, practiced various sword styles and martial arts. The primary sword style associated with the samurai is known as kenjutsu, which translates to "the art of the sword." Kenjutsu encompasses a range of techniques and strategies for sword fighting and was a central part of a samurai's training.

Within kenjutsu, different schools or styles of swordsmanship emerged, each with its unique characteristics and techniques. Some notable sword styles practiced by samurai include:

1. Niten Ichi-ryu: Founded by the legendary samurai Miyamoto Musashi, Niten Ichi-ryu emphasizes the use of two swords, typically a katana and a wakizashi, in both offense and defense. Musashi's approach included innovative techniques and strategies, making it a distinctive style within kenjutsu.
2. Katori Shinto-ryu: Katori Shinto-ryu is one of the oldest recorded sword styles in Japan, dating back over 600 years. It incorporates various weapons, including the sword, spear, and bow. Katori Shinto-ryu emphasizes proper posture, footwork, and effective cutting and thrusting techniques.
3. Itto-ryu: Itto-ryu, meaning "one sword style," focuses on the use of a single sword, typically a katana. It emphasizes powerful strikes and efficient cutting techniques. Itto-ryu was widely practiced by samurai throughout the Edo period.
4. Kashima Shinto-ryu: Kashima Shinto-ryu is a comprehensive martial art that encompasses swordsmanship along with other disciplines such as archery, unarmed combat, and horsemanship. The sword techniques in Kashima Shinto-ryu emphasize fluid and precise movements with a focus on practical effectiveness.

These are just a few examples of the various sword styles practiced by samurai. Each style has its own techniques, philosophies, and training methods. The samurai placed great importance on the mastery of the sword, as it was a fundamental aspect of their martial and cultural identity.