The number of times katana steel is folded can vary depending on the individual swordsmith and their specific techniques. Folding steel is a traditional practice in Japanese swordmaking that helps to purify the steel, remove impurities, and create a more uniform composition.

Historically, it is believed that traditional Japanese swords, including katanas, were folded anywhere from 8 to 16 times or even more during the forging process. The repeated folding and hammering of the steel help to distribute carbon and eliminate impurities, resulting in a stronger and more homogeneous blade.

However, it is important to note that the number of folds is not the sole determinant of a sword's quality. The skill and expertise of the swordsmith in the forging and heat treatment process, along with the quality of the materials used, are equally crucial factors in producing a high-quality katana.

In modern times, while traditional swordsmiths may still practice folding steel, many modern swordsmiths use alternative techniques and advanced materials to achieve desired results. The number of folds in contemporary swordmaking may vary or even be omitted altogether, focusing more on other aspects of the blade's composition and construction.