A Japanese Gunto sword refers to a type of military sword that was used by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term "Gunto" translates to "military sword" or "military blade."

The Gunto swords were developed as a departure from the traditional Samurai swords and were standardized for military use. They were introduced during a period of modernization and Western influence in Japan.

The characteristics of a Japanese Gunto sword can vary depending on the specific model and time period. However, some common features include:

1. Blade: The blades of Gunto swords were typically machine-made and often had a straighter profile compared to the curved blades of traditional Samurai swords. The length of the blade varied but was usually around 70 centimeters (27.5 inches).
2. Handle: The handles, known as tsuka, were typically made of wood and wrapped with materials like leather, rayon, or silk. The handles were longer and straighter compared to the curved handles of Samurai swords.
3. Guard: The guard, or tsuba, of Gunto swords was often a simple design made of metal. It served to protect the hand during combat.
4. Scabbard: The scabbard, or saya, was made of wood or metal and typically painted or lacquered black. It included metal fittings, such as a drag and locking mechanism.

It's important to note that Gunto swords underwent several design variations and refinements over time. They were used by officers and non-commissioned officers in the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy during conflicts like the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, and World War II.

While Gunto swords lacked the elegance and craftsmanship of traditional Samurai swords, they represented a transition from the old samurai culture to the modernization of the Japanese military.