The main difference between 1095 and 1075 steel lies in their carbon content and hardness range. Here's a breakdown of the key distinctions:

1. Carbon Content: 1095 steel contains a higher carbon content compared to 1075 steel. Typically, 1095 steel has around 0.95-1.05% carbon, while 1075 steel contains about 0.70-0.80% carbon. The higher carbon content in 1095 steel contributes to its increased hardness and edge retention capabilities.
2. Hardness: Due to the higher carbon content, 1095 steel can achieve higher hardness levels than 1075 steel. 1095 steel can reach a hardness range of 58-62 HRC (Rockwell hardness scale), while 1075 steel typically falls within the 48-58 HRC range. The increased hardness of 1095 steel makes it well-suited for applications that demand excellent edge retention and cutting performance.
3. Toughness: 1075 steel tends to exhibit better toughness compared to 1095 steel. The lower carbon content in 1075 steel allows for a slightly more ductile structure, making it more resistant to chipping or breaking under high impact conditions. However, this increased toughness comes at the expense of slightly lower hardness levels.
4. Ease of Machining: 1075 steel is generally considered easier to machine than 1095 steel due to its lower carbon content. The lower carbon content in 1075 steel reduces its hardness and allows for greater machinability, making it more forgiving during shaping, grinding, and other fabrication processes.

It's important to note that both 1095 and 1075 steel are high-carbon steels commonly used in the production of knives, swords, and other bladed tools. They both offer good edge retention and can be heat-treated to achieve desirable hardness levels. The choice between 1095 and 1075 steel depends on the specific requirements of the application, such as desired hardness, toughness, and ease of machining.