Yes, Damascus steel swords can be sharpened. Sharpening a Damascus steel blade follows similar principles to sharpening other types of swords or knives. The process involves removing a small amount of material from the blade's edge to create a sharp and precise cutting edge.

To sharpen a Damascus steel sword, you can use various sharpening tools, such as whetstones, sharpening rods, or honing steels. The choice of tool depends on personal preference and expertise. Here is a general guideline for sharpening a Damascus steel sword:

1. Choose an appropriate sharpening stone: Select a whetstone with a suitable grit level. Coarser grits, such as 400 to 800, are used for initial sharpening, while finer grits, such as 1000 to 3000 or higher, are used for honing and refining the edge.
2. Lubricate the stone: If using a water stone or an oil stone, make sure to wet or oil the stone according to the manufacturer's instructions.
3. Establish the sharpening angle: Hold the sword at the desired sharpening angle, which is typically around 15 to 20 degrees per side. This angle may vary depending on the sword's design and intended use. Maintain a consistent angle throughout the sharpening process.
4. Begin sharpening: Starting at the base of the blade, apply light pressure and move the sword's edge along the sharpening stone, maintaining the sharpening angle. Move the blade in a sweeping motion, working towards the tip. Repeat this process several times, alternating sides.
5. Test the sharpness: After sharpening, carefully test the sword's sharpness by gently running your finger or a piece of paper along the blade's edge. Exercise caution to avoid injury.
6. Honing and stropping (optional): For further refinement and polishing of the edge, you can use a higher grit sharpening stone or a leather strop. These steps help to enhance the blade's sharpness and smoothness.

Remember to take your time and be mindful of safety while sharpening a sword. If you're unsure about the process or lack experience, it's advisable to seek the assistance of a professional swordsmith or a skilled sharpener.