A short sword can be called by various names depending on its cultural origin and historical context. Here are some common terms used to refer to short swords in different cultures:

1. Gladius: The gladius is a short sword used by ancient Roman soldiers. It typically had a straight, double-edged blade and was the primary weapon of the Roman legions.
2. Xiphos: The xiphos is a short sword utilized by ancient Greek warriors. It featured a double-edged blade and was commonly used by hoplites and other Greek soldiers.
3. Spatha: The spatha was a type of short sword used by Roman cavalry during the later Roman Empire. It had a longer blade compared to the gladius and was designed for mounted combat.
4. Wakizashi: The wakizashi is a traditional Japanese short sword. It was traditionally worn as a companion weapon to the katana and was carried by samurai warriors. The wakizashi typically has a blade length ranging from around 30 to 60 centimeters (12 to 24 inches).
5. Dirk: The dirk is a short sword or long dagger associated with Scottish and Irish traditions. It has a single-edged blade and was used as a close-combat weapon and utility tool.
6. Kris: The kris is a distinctive short sword with a wavy or serpentine blade found in Southeast Asian cultures. It has both ceremonial and practical uses and is often associated with specific regions and ethnic groups.

These are just a few examples of the names used for short swords in different cultural contexts. Many other cultures and historical periods have their own terms and specific designs for short swords.