A katana and a tanto are both traditional Japanese swords, but they differ in terms of size, design, and purpose. Here are the main differences between the two:

1. Size and Length: The katana is a longer sword compared to the tanto. A typical katana measures around 60-70 centimeters (24-28 inches) in blade length. In contrast, a tanto is significantly shorter, typically ranging from 15-30 centimeters (6-12 inches). The tanto's blade length is generally shorter than that of a wakizashi as well.
2. Design and Shape: The katana has a curved, single-edged blade with a long grip that allows for two-handed wielding. It is known for its distinctive gentle curve, which helps with cutting and drawing techniques. The tanto, on the other hand, has a straight or slightly curved blade with a relatively shorter grip designed for one-handed use. Tantos often have a double-edged blade, although some may have a single cutting edge.
3. Purpose and Usage: The katana is considered the primary weapon of the samurai and was traditionally used in battle. It was a versatile sword, suitable for slashing, cutting, and thrusting, and was known for its effectiveness in combat situations.

The tanto, however, served as a secondary weapon and had multiple purposes. It was commonly used as a utility knife and for close-quarters combat, such as stabbing or slashing in confined spaces. The tanto was also utilized for ceremonial purposes, as a symbol of status, and as a tool for seppuku (ritual suicide).

1. Historical Context: Both the katana and the tanto were part of the traditional Japanese sword set known as daisho, which represents the social status of the samurai. The daisho consisted of the katana as the primary sword and the tanto as the secondary sword. The daisho was worn by samurai as a symbol of their status and honor.
2. Regulations and Restrictions: In feudal Japan, the wearing and possession of swords, including katana and tanto, were strictly regulated, and ownership was limited to the samurai class. However, modern regulations have relaxed, and swords are primarily used for ceremonial, artistic, or collecting purposes.

In summary, the katana is a longer, curved sword used as the primary weapon of the samurai, while the tanto is a shorter, often straight-bladed sword used as a secondary weapon for close-quarters combat and various other purposes.