The main differences between a tanto and a katana lie in their size, blade shape, and historical usage within the context of Japanese swords.

Tanto:

• The tanto is a Japanese dagger or short sword with a blade length typically measuring less than one shaku (approximately 30 cm or 11.8 inches).
• Tantos have a relatively straight blade profile and a pointed tip.
• Traditionally, tantos were used as a self-defense weapon, often carried by samurai and non-samurai alike for personal protection in close-quarters combat.
• Tantos were also employed as tools for everyday tasks, such as cutting, slicing, and utility purposes.
• Due to its compact size, the tanto was particularly effective in confined spaces, where larger swords would be less practical.

Katana:

• The katana is a traditional Japanese sword with a curved, single-edged blade.
• Katanas typically have a blade length of around 2 to 2.5 feet (approximately 61 to 76 cm), although there can be variations.
• The katana is designed to be wielded with two hands but can also be used effectively with one hand when necessary.
• Katanas were the primary weapon of the samurai class during feudal Japan and were versatile blades used for various combat situations.
• The curved blade of the katana allows for efficient cutting and slicing motions, while its balanced design enables quick and agile movements.
• Katanas were worn with the cutting edge facing upward and were often paired with a smaller companion sword, such as a wakizashi, as part of the samurai's daisho.

In summary, the key differences between a tanto and a katana are their size, blade shape, and historical usage. Tantos are shorter, straight-bladed daggers used for personal defense and utility purposes, while katanas are longer, curved swords known for their cutting efficiency and versatility in samurai combat.