A samurai sword, such as a katana, is typically held and secured by several components. These components work together to ensure the sword is safely held, stable, and easily accessible. The key parts involved are:

1. Tsuka: The tsuka refers to the handle of the sword. It is traditionally made of wood and covered with a ray skin (same) grip, which provides a textured surface for a secure hold. The tsuka is often wrapped with a cotton or silk cord called tsuka-ito, which adds further grip and stability.
2. Menuki: Menuki are decorative ornaments or fittings placed on either side of the tsuka, underneath the tsuka-ito wrapping. They not only add aesthetic appeal but also serve to enhance grip and provide a tactile element for the sword's wielder.
3. Habaki: The habaki is a metal collar that sits at the base of the blade, between the blade and the tsuka. It serves as a fitting that secures the blade within the tsuka and keeps it from moving or rattling. The habaki also aids in the proper alignment of the sword when sheathed.
4. Mekugi: Mekugi are small bamboo pegs inserted through the tang (the part of the blade that extends into the handle) and the tsuka. Typically, there are one or two mekugi used to secure the tsuka to the tang. The mekugi provide a firm connection and prevent the handle from slipping off the blade.
5. Saya: The saya is the scabbard or sheath of the samurai sword. It is traditionally made of wood and provides protection for the blade when not in use. The saya is fitted to the shape of the blade and usually has a kurikata (knob) and sageo (cord) attached for securing the saya to the obi (belt) or clothing.

When the samurai sword is not in use, it is sheathed in the saya, and the saya is typically worn horizontally or diagonally through the obi. The grip of the tsuka is then readily accessible for a quick draw when needed.

These components work in harmony to hold and secure the samurai sword, ensuring it remains stable, accessible, and ready for use when called upon.