A one-handed sword is commonly referred to as a "single-handed sword" or "one-handed sword." These terms are used to describe swords that are designed to be wielded effectively with a single hand, typically in combination with a shield or other defensive equipment. The term "one-handed sword" is a general descriptor that encompasses various types of swords, each with its own specific name or classification based on the historical period, cultural context, or regional variations. Here are a few examples:

1. Arming Sword: The arming sword, also known as a knightly sword or a medieval sword, refers to the type of sword commonly used by knights and warriors during the medieval period in Europe.
2. Cutlass: The cutlass is a type of one-handed sword with a slightly curved blade that was popular among sailors, pirates, and naval forces during the Age of Sail.
3. Saber: The saber is a curved, one-handed sword associated with cavalry units and military traditions in various cultures, such as the European sabers or the cavalry sabers used by the Ottoman Empire.
4. Rapier: The rapier is a slender, thrusting sword with a complex hilt, primarily used for civilian self-defense and dueling during the Renaissance period.
5. Gladius: The gladius is a short, straight, double-edged sword used by Roman soldiers, particularly the infantry. It was designed for close-quarters combat and was a standard weapon of the Roman legions.

These are just a few examples, and there are many more types of one-handed swords found across different historical periods and regions. The specific names and classifications can vary based on the cultural context, historical era, and regional naming conventions.