The traditional Japanese sword known as the katana is primarily designed to be wielded with two hands. However, there are also shorter swords that fall within the category of Japanese swords and can be used effectively with one hand.

The Wakizashi: The wakizashi is a shorter companion sword to the katana, typically measuring around 18 to 24 inches (45 to 60 centimeters) in blade length. It was traditionally worn by samurai as a backup weapon or for use in close-quarter combat. The wakizashi is designed to be used with one hand, although it can also be wielded with two hands if necessary.

The Tanto: The tanto is a Japanese dagger or knife, often with a blade length of around 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 centimeters). It was primarily used as a utility tool, for stabbing, or as a self-defense weapon. The tanto is specifically designed for one-handed use.

While both the wakizashi and tanto are considered Japanese swords, they are generally categorized as shorter one-handed weapons compared to the longer two-handed katana. The katana, with its longer blade and two-handed grip, provides increased reach, power, and cutting ability.

It's worth noting that the historical use of one-handed swords in Japan varied depending on the time period, social status, and specific combat situation. However, the katana remains the most iconic and well-known sword associated with traditional Japanese samurai culture.