The choice of metal for a sword depends on various factors such as the desired characteristics of the sword, its intended use, and the technological capabilities of the time. Different metals have been used throughout history to create swords, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Here are some notable metals used for swordmaking:

1. High Carbon Steel: High carbon steel, particularly spring steel or tool steel, is widely regarded as one of the best choices for sword blades. It offers a balance of hardness, durability, and flexibility, allowing the sword to hold a sharp edge while also being resilient enough to withstand impact and bending without breaking. High carbon steel swords can be heat-treated to achieve different hardness levels and tempering, enhancing their performance.
2. Damascus Steel: Damascus steel is a historical type of steel known for its distinctive wavy pattern and exceptional strength. It was produced through a complex forging and folding process that involved layering multiple types of iron and steel together. While the original techniques for making true Damascus steel have been lost, modern attempts at replicating its qualities have led to the creation of pattern-welded or laminated steel blades with similar aesthetics and performance.
3. Tool Steel: Tool steels, such as L6 and O1, are known for their toughness and impact resistance. They are often used in the production of heavy-duty swords designed for cutting and chopping, such as machetes and certain historical European swords.
4. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant and requires less maintenance compared to carbon steel. However, it is generally not as hard or durable as high carbon steels and may not hold an edge as well. Stainless steel swords are commonly found in decorative or ceremonial blades rather than functional ones.
5. Alloy Steels: Various alloy steels, including chromium, vanadium, and molybdenum alloys, can offer improved strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance compared to plain carbon steel. These alloys are often used in modern sword production to enhance the blade's performance and durability.

It's worth noting that the quality of a sword is not solely determined by the type of metal used. Factors such as the forging techniques, heat treatment, blade geometry, and overall craftsmanship also play crucial roles in determining the sword's performance and durability.