Sword canes, also known as cane swords or walking stick swords, are concealed weapons that combine the functionality of a walking cane or walking stick with a hidden blade or sword. The design typically involves a hollow or partially hollow cane shaft that houses a blade or sword within it. Here's a general overview of how sword canes work:

1. Cane Exterior: The exterior of the sword cane is designed to resemble a regular walking cane or walking stick. It typically has a handle or grip at the top, which is often ornamental or ergonomic for comfortable use as a cane.
2. Concealed Blade: Inside the hollow shaft of the cane, there is a concealed blade or sword that can be deployed when needed. The blade is usually spring-loaded or secured in some manner to prevent accidental deployment.
3. Deployment Mechanism: To access the hidden blade, there is typically a release mechanism or locking mechanism located near the handle or grip. This mechanism can vary depending on the specific design but is usually activated by a twisting, sliding, or pressing action.
4. Blade Deployment: Once the release mechanism is activated, the blade can be extended or deployed from the cane shaft. The blade may slide out, flip out, or extend through the use of a spring mechanism, revealing the full length of the blade or sword.
5. Locking and Retraction: After the blade is deployed, it is important to ensure it locks securely into position. This prevents accidental closure during use. When it's time to retract the blade, the locking mechanism is disengaged, allowing the blade to be retracted back into the cane shaft.

It's important to note that sword canes are often subject to legal restrictions or prohibitions in many jurisdictions due to their concealed weapon nature. Laws governing the possession, sale, and use of sword canes can vary, so it is crucial to research and understand the relevant legal regulations in your area before acquiring or using such a weapon.