The main difference between 1045 and 1095 steel lies in their carbon content and resulting properties. Here's a breakdown of the key distinctions:

1045 Steel:

• Carbon Content: 1045 steel has a carbon content of around 0.45%, which gives it a medium carbon designation.
• Strength and Toughness: 1045 steel offers good strength and toughness, making it suitable for applications that require moderate to high levels of strength. It has a balanced combination of hardness and toughness.
• Edge Retention: While 1045 steel can achieve and hold a decent edge, it is not as renowned for its edge retention as higher carbon steels like 1095.
• Ease of Machining: 1045 steel is relatively easy to machine, which contributes to its popularity in various manufacturing processes.

1095 Steel:

• Carbon Content: 1095 steel has a higher carbon content of approximately 0.95%, making it a high carbon steel.
• Hardness and Edge Retention: 1095 steel is known for its excellent hardness and edge retention. It can achieve a very sharp edge and maintain it over extended periods.
• Wear Resistance: 1095 steel exhibits good wear resistance due to its high carbon content, making it suitable for applications that involve cutting and abrasive wear.
• Less Toughness: While 1095 steel is hard and offers exceptional edge retention, it is generally less tough compared to lower carbon steels. This means it is more prone to chipping or breakage under extreme stress or impacts.

In summary, the key differences between 1045 and 1095 steel lie in their carbon content, resulting in variations in hardness, toughness, edge retention, and wear resistance. 1045 steel offers a balance of strength and toughness, while 1095 steel provides excellent hardness and edge retention at the expense of some toughness. The specific steel chosen depends on the desired characteristics and intended application of the final product, whether it's a sword or another tool or component.