The main differences between a katana and a Gunto lie in their historical context, design, purpose, and usage. Here are some key distinctions:

1. Historical Context: Katana is a traditional Japanese sword that was primarily used by samurai warriors during feudal Japan. It has a rich history dating back several centuries. Gunto, on the other hand, emerged during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as military swords used by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy.
2. Design and Construction: Katana has a curved, single-edged blade with a distinctive shape that allows for swift and precise cutting. It is typically hand-forged with a differential hardening technique called "hamon." Gunto swords, in contrast, were often machine-made and had a straighter blade with a more utilitarian design.
3. Handle and Hilt: The handles of katana, called tsuka, are usually wrapped with materials such as silk or rayon in an intricate pattern, providing a comfortable grip. Gunto handles were longer, straighter, and wrapped with materials like leather or rayon, deviating from the curved and more ornate handles of katana.
4. Guard and Fittings: The guards of katana, known as tsuba, were often elaborately designed and crafted, reflecting the aesthetic and individuality of the sword. Gunto swords had simpler guards, usually made of stamped metal, serving their practical military purpose.
5. Purpose and Usage: Katana was a weapon used by samurai for self-defense and in battle, as well as for ceremonial and status purposes. It had a cultural and symbolic significance. Gunto swords were standardized military weapons used by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy during conflicts like World War II. They were designed for practicality and uniformity rather than individual craftsmanship.

It's important to note that Gunto swords were influenced by katana in terms of their overall shape and some design elements. However, Gunto swords were distinct in their purpose and design, reflecting the changing military needs and modernization of Japan during the period they were in use.